Acral and Microcirculatory Disorders in India

Acral disorder is a skin condition that entails painless peeling of the epidermis (top skin surface). The word acral is used because most of the skin peeling occurs on the feet and palms. The flaking may also happen on the legs and arms but in rare conditions. Acral disorder is observed from the time of birth although it may also develop as the child grows or even at an elderly age. The disorder is worsened by exposure to high humidity, moisture, and heat. The peeling skin is usually red in color and itching may be experienced. Acral syndrome is not caused by any other health complications.

Microcirculatory disorder, on the other hand, is a series of independent abnormalities of the blood, vascular walls, and interstitial fluids and cells that do not cause microcirculatory disorders, but play a vital role in complicating them.

Causes of acral and microcirculatory disorder

The known main cause of acral and microcirculatory disorders are changes in the genetic composition of certain genes in the body. Most of the conditions are hereditary and are passed on from one generation to another. An increase in the blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose in the blood are also minor causes of the disorders.

Common types of microcirculatory disorders

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation- This disorder involves clotting of blood in the capillaries. The blood does not supply the required oxygen plus other nutrients.
• Raynaud’s disease- Entails constriction of the capillaries in the toes and fingers of an individual during cold spells.
• Buerger’s disease- This condition involves swelling of the capillaries which lead to blockage of the other blood vessels. Consequently, the blood circulation is adversely affected.
• Erythromelalgia- This disorder affects the legs and hands mostly and involves a burning sensation and swelling.

Signs and symptoms

Acral and microcirculatory disorders usually manifest various signs and symptoms the first stages. Some of these signs are listed below

• Dry and thick skin
• Peeling off of the upper skin surface
• Skin itching
• Minor blistering on the hands
• Arms and leg swelling
• Slight bleeding on blistered parts

Diagnosis of the disorders

A physical examination by the doctor is the best way to diagnose acral and microcirculatory disorders. The examination mainly involves checking the blood flow in your legs and arms. However, a careful view of your family history may also come in handy, since these disorders are mostly hereditary. If any of the mentioned signs occur to you, it is advisable to seek medical attention immediately.

What are the treatment options available?

Treatment varies according to the type of disorder suffered by an individual. If these disorders are not curbed, they may develop into fatal complications that may lead to death. There are, however, a number of common treatments across all these disorders and they include:

• Regular simple physical activities
• Reducing cholesterol levels in the blood
• Controlling blood pressure
• Minimizing the level of blood glucose
• Individuals with any of these disorders should shun smoking